eBPF

eBPF is a Linux kernel technology that allows sandboxed programs to run in the kernel without modifying kernel source code or loading kernel modules. In cloud security, eBPF enables high-performance network policy enforcement, system call filtering for container isolation, runtime threat detection, and deep observability into application behavior — all with minimal overhead.

Cilium and Falco use eBPF extensively for cloud-native security enforcement and detection.